SIGMA: Secure GPT Inference with Function Secret Sharing

Secure 2-party computation (2PC) enables secure inference that offers protection for both proprietary machine learning (ML) models and sensitive inputs to them. However, the existing secure inference solutions suffer from high latency and communication overheads, particularly for transformers. Function secret sharing (FSS) is a recent paradigm for obtaining efficient 2PC protocols with a preprocessing phase. We provide SIGMA, the first end-to-end system for secure transformer inference based on FSS. By constructing new FSS-based protocols for complex machine learning functionalities, such as Softmax and GeLU, and also accelerating their computation on GPUs, SIGMA improves the latency of secure inference of transformers by $11-19\times$ over the state-of-the-art that uses preprocessing and GPUs. We present the first secure inference of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models. In particular, SIGMA executes GPT-Neo with 1.3 billion parameters in 7.4s and HuggingFace\u27s GPT2 in 1.6s

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Not AvailableGlobally rapeseed-mustard (Brassica spp.) is a major oilseed crop. India is the second largest cultivator of mustard followed by China. The oilseed production increased significantly after yellow revolution but increasing population made pressure on production. The major losses in mustard yield occurs due to the attack of different pest and diseases. An option to minimize the losses in production of oilseed Brassica can be the suppression of the pest and disease incidence through modification of microclimate by altering the crop row direction. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of microclimate variability due to different crop row directions on pest and disease incidence. The pest and disease are highly sensitive to temperature and relative humidity (RH) within crop canopy environment. The two row direction treatment, i.e. North-South (N-S) and East-West (E-W) were studied at the experimental farm, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during rabi season, 2013-14. Parameters like number of aphid per top 10 cm of main shoot, per cent disease index (PDI) of white rust, temperature and RH within crop canopy were recorded at regular interval. The result showed a significant higher value of mean profile temperature in N-S row direction as compared to E-W row direction and an opposite trend was found for RH. Aphid infestation and PDI for white rust infection in E-W direction were significantly higher by 36% and 11.44%, respectively over N-S direction. It was concluded that both aphid and white rust incidence were reduced in N-S direction due to microenvironment modification. Aphid population was found negatively correlated with mean profile temperature and positively correlated with RH.Not Availabl

Cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Antheraea mylitta

The cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from A. mylitta are reported

Weaving pedagogies of possibility

It is easy to feel impatient with the pace of change when it comes to developing truly sustainable culture yet things are happening all over the world to lay the ground work, create the architecture and language of sustainability as a cultural reality. In Weaving Pedagogies of Possibility the authors seek to leverage from such developments. In this chapter the authors share their adventure in designing an open learning system within, across and between their institutions. We insist this work involves pedagogies in the plural as we seek to affirm and embrace alternative approaches to learning that draw on many cultures and places. We take as axiomatic that the world is always becoming other than what it appears to be; that this is contested space; and that it is in the play of environment, context, structure, culture and identity that the future lies. This sensitivity to the multiple and contested nature of social and ecological space lies at the heart of our vision and practice of pedagogies of possibility. © Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2012